\begindata{text,538288956} \textdsversion{12} \template{help} \define{global } \chapter{Typescript: A Command Window } \section{What Typescript is }\leftindent{ Typescript is a window in which you type and enter Andrew System and operating system commands. In most cases, the commands that you enter in Typescript get passed along to the shell, a program that interprets commands for the operating system. You do not have to know more about the shell in order to use Typescript. However, if you would \italic{like} to know more about the shell, you can look at the \italic{\helptopic{csh}} (C-shell) help document. Typescript can be used as a front end to other programs as well, not just the shell. See the Quick Reference section for details.} \section{Starting Typescript }\leftindent{ One Typescript window automatically starts when you log in, but you can use more than one Typescript if you wish. When Typescript is ready to accept commands, it displays a prompt (normally the percent sign %) which is followed by a blank line. To enter a command, move the mouse cursor into Typescript, type the command, and press Enter. To start a new Typescript window type \leftindent{\typewriter{\bold{typescript}}} in your existing Typescript window and press Enter. New Typescripts work the same way as existing Typescripts. If you are running wm, you can select "New Typescript" from the "Expose" menu in the title bar of any window or from the menus that come up in the grey area of the screen. } \section{Using Typescript } \leftindent{To enter a command, move the mouse cursor into Typescript, type the command at the prompt, and press Enter. }\leftindent{ For example, to edit a file called "notes", you type \leftindent{\bold{\typewriter{ez notes}}} at the Typescript prompt and press the Enter key. The Typescript window behaves like an EZ window with one exception: only the text that appears after the last prompt can be cut or changed. The other lines are, of course, commands that you have already issued which cannot be changed (they can, however, be copied). You can scroll the Typescript window backward to see the results of previous commands, but if your session with Typescript gets too long, the earliest commands that you entered are silently discarded and you cannot scroll back to them. } \section{Advice }\leftindent{ \bold{Repeating Typescript commands.} You can use "Esc =" to repeat previously-typed commands in the Typescript window. To do this, press the Esc key, release it, and press the = key. Pressing Esc = multiple times causes each previous command to be displayed, in order, at the current Typescript prompt. When you see the command you want to repeat at the prompt, simply press Enter. Here is an illustration of how "Esc =" works. Suppose you have some commands in your Typescript window that look like this: % \bold{\typewriter{edit notes}} % \bold{\typewriter{messages}} % \bold{\typewriter{sendmail}} % When you exit the mail-sending program, you realize that you had one more piece of mail to send. To call the mail-sending program again without having to re-type the command, press "Esc =". The most recently-issued command ("sendmail" in this case) is printed at the current Typescript prompt. You can edit or alter the command if you like before you press Enter to enter it. Given the set of commands above, you could get the command "edit notes" at the current Typescript prompt by pressing "Esc =" three times. If you press Esc = too many times and skip over the command you wanted, you can go forward again through the commands by pressing "Esc `" (the Esc key followed by the backquote key). \bold{Using}\bold{ IBM PC }\bold{RT arrow keys.} You can use the arrow keys on the RT keyboard to move the text caret in the Typescript window. The "Page Up," "Page Down," "Home", and "End" keys also work, but they scroll the Typescript rather than moving the text caret. "Home" moves the text caret to the beginning of the current line; "End" moves the text caret to the end of the line or to the the position before the window was scrolled. \bold{Using o}\bold{ther keybindings.} There are other keyboard command available for use with Typescript that may enable you to do certain activities more quickly. See the \italic{\helptopic{typescript-keys}} help document for a list of them. } \section{Pop-up menu meanings } \leftindent{Typescript contains at least two pop up menus, \italic{Front} and \italic{Search}. The\italic{ Front} and \italic{Search} menus are system menus that always appear when you press both mouse buttons. Additional menus, such as the \italic{Mail/News} menu, may also appear if you or system maintainers have installed them. See the section below, "Setting up your own shell menu" for details about how to install your own menus in Typescript. \italic{Front menu: } \leftindent{ \bold{\italic{Paste}}: Copies the most recently cut or copied text to the current cursor position. (If text is selected in the Typescript window, the Copy and Cut menu options appear on the Front menu instead of Paste.) \leftindent{ \bold{Cut:} Deletes the selected text into the cutbuffer from which you can paste it back into any document. \bold{Copy:} Copies the selected text into the cutbuffer. You can put the text you copied most recently back into any document by choosing Paste.} \bold{\italic{Move}}: If a prevous command or some text is selected in the Typescript window, Move moves the text to the current Typescript prompt. If nothing is selected, the line containing the text caret is moved to the prompt.. \bold{\italic{Execute}}: If a previous command or text is selected in the Typescript window, Execute moves the text to the current Typescript prompt and enters it. If nothing is selected, the line containing the text caret is moved and executed. \bold{\italic{Clear:}} discards the record of your previous Typescript activities. After clearing the Typescript window, you can no longer scroll back and see your previous commands. \bold{\italic{Quit}}: exits the Typescript program and closes the window. } \italic{Search menu:} \leftindent{ \bold{\italic{Forward}}: searches in the Typescript window from the current cursor position forward. After you choose this option, Typescript puts the "Find:" prompt in the message region at the bottom of the window. Type the string that you want to search for and press the Enter key. If any of these characters are in the search string [ ] * . \\ precede each of them with a backslash (the last character in the set above). You must do this because these characters have special meaning to the search algorithm. For details about the search algorithm used in Andrew Toolkit programs such as Typescript and EZ, see the \italic{\helptopic{searching}} help document. \bold{\italic{Backward}}: searches in the Typescript window from the current cursor position backward. } \italic{Mail / News menu: } For more information on how to use the windows created by these menu selections, see the help information on each of the applications (Messages and SendMessage). \leftindent{ \bold{\italic{Read Mail:}} starts the Messages program with the -m switch, which displays a Messages window and lets you read the mail sent to you by other computer users. \bold{\italic{Read News:}} starts the Messages program, which displays a Messages window and lets you read both your mail and notices from the bulletin boards to which you are subscribed. \bold{\italic{Send Message:}} creates a SendMessage window, from which you can send either mail messages or bulletin board posts. \bold{\italic{Send Comment:}} creates a SendMessage window already addressed to \bold{advisor}, CMU's local question-and-answer service for Andrew users.}} \section{Setting up your own shell menu } \leftindent{ You can specify a shell menu for Typescript in three different ways (by using the typescript.shmenu preference, by using \italic{-s}, using \italic{-m filename}, or creating a file called ".shmenu" in your home directory). Each way requires that you establish a file somewhere containing the specification for the new menu(s). See the Quick Reference section for details on specifying your own shell menu file. If you plan to make permanent additions to your Typescript menus that will add to the menus provided by the system, you should create a file called ".shmenu" in your home directory. (When you create this file, typescript will read it instead of the system shmenu file.) Then, copy the commands in the system file /usr/andrew/lib/shmenu into your .shmenu file. These commands are the commands that system administrators have created to add the "Mail/News" menu card in your Typescript window. Copying them into your shmenu file keeps the "Mail/News" card available. \bold{Adding an example menu card and menu option.} Each menu option in a shmenu file is defined in the following format: \italic{ MenuName}~\italic{Priority},\italic{MenuOption}~\italic{Priority}:\ \italic{command } To make a new "Start Editor" option appear on a new menu card called "Editor," you would only have to add a line like this one to your own .shmenu file and start a new Typescript: Editor~40,Start Editor~11:ez The first item on each line is the name of the menu (Editor), followed by its priority number (~40). The first priority number tells Typescript where to position the menu card in relation to other menus; the 40 means that the Editor menu card will be the fourth menu card in Typescript. The Front menu is numbered 10, the Search menu is numbered 20, and the Mail/News menu card is numbered 30. After the comma comes the menu option as it should appear on the menu (Start Editor), followed by a priority number for the entry (~11). This priority number determines where each menu option appears on the menu card; the group of options beginning with 10 go at the top. (Other options with priority numbers beginning with 1's like 13, 15 or 19 would be listed in the same group as Start Editor in numerical order.) Differences in the tens column (10's to 20's to 30's, up to 99 max.) indicate where blank lines should appear between groups of menu options that might follow. After the colon is the command string that is sent to Typescript when the menu option is chosen. When the menu option Start Editor is chosen, the command string "ez" appears in the Typescript with a new line inserted after it to enter the command. It is not possible to prevent the new line from being added at the end; it is added by the Typescript program itself. } \section{Warnings }\leftindent{ Some programs require you to type Ctrl-D in Typescript to terminate their input. Be careful not to type an extra Ctrl-D because it can terminate the c-shell process in Typescript, forcing you to start a new Typescript window. Ctrl-Z will suspend a program running in Typescript, but will not affect Typescript. Ctrl-C terminates a running program and Ctrl-\\ terminates it with a dump, but neither affects the shell. }\leftindent{ }\section{Quick reference }\leftindent{ \bold{Syntax} typescript [ -F ] [ -t \italic{title} ] [-t "\italic{message}"] [ -s ] [ -m \italic{filename} ] [-f \italic{font}] [ \italic{command} [ \italic{arguments} ... ] ] \bold{Options/arguments} \bold{-F} adds a File Menu card similar to the one in EZ, containing the options Save As, Set Printer, Print, Preview. These options allow you to save a Typescript into a document and use various printing options. [default] \bold{-t} inserts the words that you supply into the middle of the Typescript title bar. Put titles of more than one word inside quotation marks, like this: typescript -t "Your ad here" \bold{-s} installs the shell menu. This is the default unless you use the \italic{command} option to start a Typescript containing another program. To find a shell menu, Typescript first looks for a path to a shell menu in your preferences file. (Use the typescript.shmenu preference to set this path). It then looks for a .shmenu file in your home directory. (If neither of these is found, Typescript will try to find a system shmenu file, if one is defined at your site.) \bold{-m \italic{filename} } uses the named file for the shell menu. This option lets you start typescript with an experimental shmenu file from a different directory. }\leftindent{ \bold{-f\italic{ font} }allows the user to specify the default font for use in the typescript. \bold{\italic{command} [ \italic{arguments} ... ]} dedicates a new Typescript window to running an application with any arguments you provide. When you quit from an application program that you started in this manner, the Typescript window associated with it disappears.}\leftindent{ \bold{P\bold{references}} \bold{\italic{typescript.shmenu: }} \leftindent{You can reset this preference with the path to your own shell menu file. (Remember, you can also read a shmenu file by putting a .shmenu file in your home directory. You can then use this preference to override that file when needed.) }} \section{Related tools} Select (highlight) one of the italicized names and choose "Show Help on Selected Word" from the pop-up menu to see the help file for: \leftindent{ \italic{\helptopic{csh}} (more about the UNIX c-shell) \italic{\helptopic{typescript-keys}} (keybindings for Typescript) } \begindata{bp,537558784} \enddata{bp,537558784} \view{bpv,537558784,164,0,0} Copyright 1992 Carnegie Mellon University and IBM. All rights reserved. \smaller{\smaller{$Disclaimer: Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software and its documentation for any purpose is hereby granted without fee, provided that the above copyright notice appear in all copies and that both that copyright notice, this permission notice, and the following disclaimer appear in supporting documentation, and that the names of IBM, Carnegie Mellon University, and other copyright holders, not be used in advertising or publicity pertaining to distribution of the software without specific, written prior permission. IBM, CARNEGIE MELLON UNIVERSITY, AND THE OTHER COPYRIGHT HOLDERS DISCLAIM ALL WARRANTIES WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE, INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL IBM, CARNEGIE MELLON UNIVERSITY, OR ANY OTHER COPYRIGHT HOLDER BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, INDIRECT OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE. $ }}\enddata{text,538288956}